diagnostic exams

Simple tests that every woman should do to detect early on a number of female diseases: Mammography : usually from the age of 40 years. If you have breast cancer in your family as a grandmother, mother or sister you should start the mammogram at age 35. This test detects breast cancer early. Pap smear : a gynecological exam that should be repeated annually and start from the beginning of sexual activity

To prepare for the lactose intolerance breath test, you need to fast for 12 hours, avoid medications such as antibiotics and laxatives 2 weeks before the test, and avoid foods like milk, beans, pasta and greens on the day before the test. This test should be prescribed by the doctor and is used to confirm the diagnosis of lactose intolerance, but the patient may experience belly pain and diarrhea during the test

Intelligender is a urine test that lets you know the sex of the baby as early as the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, which can easily be used at home, and can be purchased at pharmacies. The use of this test is very simple, but should not be used when there is a hormonal change that may interfere with the result as it occurs in treatments for pregnancy

The rapid HIV test can be done free of charge by the SUS, at the Centers of Testing and Counseling, or can be bought in pharmacies or even on the internet for about 60 to 130 reais. In the public network, testing is done in confidence with the supervision of a trained health professional, and the result is given only to the individual who performed the test

Carotid ultrasound is an easy, painless examination that helps evaluate the interior of the carotid arteries that pass through the side of the neck and carry oxygen to the brain. When there are health problems, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure, these arteries can accumulate fat on your walls, narrowing your inside and decreasing the amount of blood that passes into the brain

Examination of the cervix is ​​usually done primarily by performing a pap smear, which is simple and painless, and is important for all women, especially women of childbearing age. This test should be done annually to identify changes in the cervix and prevent the onset of cancer. In cases where the pap smear indicates the presence of changes in the cervix of the woman, these are in most cases not cancer, but must be diagnosed and treated in advance. In

Hepatic elastography is an examination used to evaluate liver fibrosis, which reflects health and liver damage caused by chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and the presence of fat. This test is quick, painless and requires no needles or cuts, and can also be used to diagnose diseases, often replacing biopsy

Hemoglobin in the urine, scientifically called hemoglobinuria, occurs when red blood cells are destroyed and are eliminated by the urine, giving it a reddish and transparent color. However, the presence of hemoglobin in the urine does not always cause symptoms and is only detected by chemical examination with a test strip or microscopic examination and should be treated as soon as possible by the urologist

Treatment should be started as soon as possible in the emergency room as soon as the first symptoms of embolism appear, such as severe shortness of breath or coughing up blood. Learn more about the symptoms that identify the embolism. This treatment is done with injections of thrombolytic medicines, such as Urokinase or Alteplase, which help dissolve the clot that is preventing blood from reaching the lung

To find out if cholesterol is high, a blood test should be done in the laboratory, and if the result is high, higher than 200 mg / dl, it is important to see a doctor to see if it is necessary to take medicine, make changes in diet and / or increase the practice of physical exercise. However, if there is a history in the high cholesterol family, it is necessary to have a blood test once a year from the age of 20 to diagnose the problem early

The best urinalysis to do at home and detect a urinary tract infection is done with a striptease that is bought at the pharmacy and watered in a small amount of urine made in a clean container such as a plastic cup, for example. This urine test is very simple and can be done at any time of the day, and the result comes in a few minutes, indicating or not the presence of a urinary infection

Colposcopy is an examination performed by the gynecologist to evaluate the vulva, vagina and cervix in a very detailed way, looking for signs that may indicate inflammation or the presence of diseases such as HPV and cancer. This exam does not hurt, but it can cause a slight discomfort and a burning sensation when the gynecologist applies products that help better observe the cervix and vagina

The ABPM (Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring) is used as a tool for the diagnosis of Systemic Hypertension or High Blood Pressure. It may also be used to assess whether a particular drug treatment for hypertension is being effective, or whether there is a need for dose adjustment or the combination of some other hypotensive drug

Renal biopsy is a medical examination in which a small sample of the kidney is taken to examine its cells in the indicated laboratory when one has protein or blood in the urine or after renal transplantation, for example. The biopsy must be performed at the hospital and the patient needs to be kept on observation for a period of 12 hours because the examination causes bleeding from the urine

The test to diagnose gestational diabetes should be done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, even when the pregnant woman does not present symptoms such as an exaggerated increase in appetite or frequent urination. See the other symptoms in: Symptoms of gestational diabetes. However, the test can also be done before 24 weeks when the pregnant woman has high glucose levels in some urine test or has risk factors such as being overweight, being over 25 years old, having a family history of diabetes or have had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy, for example

If the individual suspects that their pressure is high or low, because they have symptoms such as blurred vision, blurred vision or dizziness, they should measure the pressure immediately. However, apparently healthy people who do not have these symptoms should only measure blood pressure every 2 years, while hypertensive people should measure blood pressure every 3 months or as directed by the cardiologist

MRI can be used to diagnose more specific diseases like occult spina bifida or brain lesions, for example, and is therefore widely used to replace other, simpler diagnostic tests such as ultrasound or x-ray. However, although magnetic resonance imaging seems more complicated and requires more preparation, it presents few risks for the child because it is a painless examination that does not need to be done with general anesthesia, and only a mild sedative is used in children under 4 years of age

Cerebrospinal fluid, also called CSF, is a fluid that is present inside the vertebral canal and that surrounds the brain. The test consists of evaluating the pressure of this liquid as well as its appearance. What is the test for cerebrospinal fluid Examination of cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of diseases such as meningitis or other structures of the nervous system may also confirm bleeding in the brain or marrow