diagnostic exams

Prostate biopsy is an examination done when the PSA value in the blood test is high or when changes in its size or shape are found during the rectal examination, being definitive to mislead or confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prostate biopsy does not hurt, but it can be uncomfortable and, for this reason, it is usually done under local anesthesia or mild sedation

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are the cells responsible for defending the body against infections, diseases, allergies and colds, being part of the immunity of each person. These cells are carried in the blood to be used whenever a virus, a bacterium, or any other foreign body enters the human body, eliminating them and preventing them from causing health problems

Do only people who have cancer in the family need to get mammograms every year? And is there any way to make mammography a less uncomfortable exam? Learn these answers here. Mammography is an X-ray examination used to visualize the internal region of the breasts. It should be performed on all women 40 years of age or older, every year

Audiometry is an examination that consists of the evaluation of the person's hearing ability in the interpretation of sounds or words, and it is possible to detect auditory changes. There are two main types of tonal and vocal audiometry. This examination should be performed in a special cabin, isolated from noise, lasts about 30 minutes, does not cause pain and is usually performed by a speech pathologist

Testosterone is the main male hormone, responsible for features such as beard growth, thickening of the voice and increased muscle mass, as well as stimulate the production of spermatozoa, being directly related to male fertility. In addition, testosterone is also present in women, but in lesser amounts

The HIV test is intended to detect the presence of the HIV virus in the body and should be done at least 30 days after exposure to unsafe sex, such as unprotected sex or contact with blood or secretions from people carrying the virus HIV. The HIV test is simple and is done primarily through the analysis of a blood sample, but saliva can also be used to check the presence of the virus in the body

Before performing plastic surgery, it is important that preoperative examinations, which should be indicated by the doctor, are performed as the goal of avoiding complications during the procedure or in the recovery phase, such as anemia or serious infections, for example. For this reason, the doctor indicates a series of tests to determine if the person is healthy and if the surgery is possible

The home pregnancy test that is purchased at the pharmacy is reliable, provided it is done after the menstrual delay, because when done before can give a negative result that is not correct. Good examples of tests considered reliable are Confirme and Clear Blue, which can be bought in pharmacies and drugstores and cost around 10 reais

Eosinophils are a type of blood cell that originates from the differentiation of a cell produced in the bone marrow, the myeloblasto, and aims to defend the organism against the invasion of foreign microorganisms, being very important for the action of the immune system. These defense cells are present in the blood at high concentrations mainly during allergic reactions or in case of parasitic, bacterial and fungal infections

The examination of alanine aminotransferase, also known as ALT or TGP, is a blood test that helps identify liver lesions and diseases because of the elevated presence of the enzyme alanine aminotransferase, also called glutamic pyruvic transaminase in the blood, which is normally found between 7 and 56 U / L of blood

The bilirubin test helps to diagnose problems in the liver, biliary tract or hemolytic anemia, for example, since bilirubin is a product of the destruction of the red blood cells and to be eliminated by the organism needs to be conjugated to a sugar in the liver and undergo the action of bile There are two main types of bilirubin that can be measured with this test: Indirect or unconjugated bilirubin is the substance that forms when red blood cells are destroyed and then transported to the liver

Examination of feces can be requested by the doctor to evaluate the digestive functions, amount of fat in the feces or eggs of parasites, being useful to know how is the health of the individual. Here's what stool color can tell you about your health by clicking on: How to Understand the Color of Stools

One of the ways to know the sex of the baby well in advance is to perform a blood test, called fetal sexing, as early as 8 weeks of gestation. The fetal sexing test is able to detect the presence of the Y chromosome, the male chromosome, in the mother's blood and gives 99% certainty if it is not done before 8 weeks and if the woman did not perform any blood transfusion or transplant of organ

Measurement of total proteins in the blood reflects a person's nutritional status, and can be used to diagnose kidney, liver, and other disorders. If total protein levels are altered, other tests should be done to identify which specific protein is altered so that the correct diagnosis can be made

The GGT test, also known as Gamma GT or gamma glutamyl transferase, is usually required to check for liver problems or biliary obstruction, since in these situations the concentration of GGT is high. The gamma glutamyl transferase is an enzyme produced in the pancreas, heart and liver, mainly, being able to be elevated when there is compromised of some of these organs, like pancreatitis, infarct and cirrhosis, for example

Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate is performed by inserting an ultrasound probe into the patient's rectum, allowing images of the prostate gland to be obtained from the man. It is possible to identify changes or lesions that may appear in this region, such as cancer, prostate enlargement, infections, others

To understand the blood test it is necessary to be aware of the type of examination that the doctor requested, the reference values, the laboratory where the test was performed and the result obtained, which must be interpreted by the doctor. After the CBC, the most requested blood tests are VHS, CPK, TSH, PCR, liver and PSA exams, the latter being an excellent marker of prostate cancer

The PCA 3 test, which stands for Gene 3 of prostate cancer, is a urine test that aims to diagnose prostate cancer effectively, so PSA testing, transrectal ultrasonography, or prostate biopsy are not necessary. this type of cancer is diagnosed. In addition to allowing the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the PCA 3 exam is able to provide information about the severity of this cancer, and is useful for the urologist to indicate the best form of treatment

Lymphocytes are a type of defense cell of the body, also known as white blood cells, which are produced in greater quantity when there is an infection and is therefore a good indicator of the state of health of the patient. Normally, the number of lymphocytes can be evaluated through blood tests, and when they are increased it is usually a sign of an infection and therefore it is recommended to consult a general practitioner to diagnose the problem and initiate appropriate treatment

Renal scintigraphy is an MRI scan that allows the kidney shape and function to be assessed by injecting a radioactive substance into the vein, called a radiopharmaceutical, which is bright in the image and kidney. There are two main types of renal scintigraphy: Static renal scintigraphy: the images are obtained in a single moment with the person at rest; Dynamic renal scintigraphy: dynamic images are obtained from production to elimination of urine