general clinic

There are diseases that can cause lesions and affect the structure of the esophagus, an organ that has the important function of transporting food and fluids between the mouth and the stomach, and some of the major ones include gastroesophageal reflux, esophagitis, tumor, spasms, infections, for example

Nighttime paroxysmal dyspnoea is the shortness of breath that arises during sleep, causing a sudden feeling of suffocation and causing the person to sit or even stand in search of a more airy area to relieve this sensation. It may be accompanied by other signs and symptoms such as intense sweating, coughing and wheezing in the chest, which usually improve after a few minutes sitting or standing

The main way to prevent yellow fever infection is through the vaccine, available at health clinics or in immunization clinics. In addition, it is also necessary to avoid mosquito bites from transmitting, and care should be taken to eliminate any source of standing water where mosquitoes can multiply, use repellents, mosquito nets and long clothing whenever they are in danger zones

The vaccines recommended in the immunization schedule of the elderly include those against influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, yellow fever, triple viral, shingles and meningococcal meningitis, many of them being made available by the Ministry of Health for free through SUS, while some can only be acquired in private clinics, such as the herpes zoster, meningococcus and hepatitis A, for example

General anesthesia acts to sedate a person deeply, so that the body's awareness, sensitivity and reflexes are lost so that surgeries can be performed without pain or discomfort during the procedure. It can be injected into the vein, having an immediate effect, or inhaled through a mask, into the bloodstream after passing through the lungs, and the duration of its effect is determined by the anesthesiologist, who decides what type, dose and amount of the anesthetic drug

Chronic pain is one that persists for more than 3 months, although there are controversies, as some sources claim that it arises when it persists for more than 6 months or when it is caused by diseases that have no cure. The painful sensation is important for survival because it arises when the body tells the brain that something is wrong or causing harm to the body and needs to be resolved

The heart rate in the baby and the child is usually faster than in the adults, and this is no cause for concern. Some situations that may make the baby's heart beat faster than normal are in case of fever, crying or during playfulness that require effort. In any case it is good to see if there are other symptoms such as changes in skin color, dizziness, fainting or strong breathing, because they can help to identify what is happening

Treatment for leptospirosis can in most cases be done at home using antibiotics such as Amoxicillin, Doxicillin or Ampicillin, for example for 5 to 7 days as directed by a general practitioner in the case of the adult, or by a pediatrician, in the case of children. In addition, it is also recommended to rest and moisturize throughout the day

To protect against diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, Zika and the annoyances caused by mosquito bites, what you can do is to use repellent, eat raw garlic and bet on citronella. These measures should be taken wherever possible and are especially important in regions where mosquitoes are more prevalent such as in the vicinity of rivers, lakes, manholes or bays, especially in the hottest months of the year

Squamous metaplasia is a process of transformation of the tissue that lines the uterus, which no longer has only one layer with elongated cells, and has several layers. This is a normal and benign process of protection of the body that may occur at certain periods of a woman's life such as puberty or pregnancy, when there is increased vaginal acidity, or when uterine inflammation or irritation occurs, infection with sexually transmitted diseases or use of contraceptives, for example

Chronic pain, which is pain lasting more than 3 months, can be relieved by medications that include painkillers, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants or antidepressants for example, which should be doctor-led. In addition, if it is a pain of difficult improvement, it may be necessary to increase doses or use more potent medicines, such as opioids, adjusting according to the need of each person

Pyocytes are white blood cells eliminated through the urine, which can be detected during urinalysis. They are defense cells, also called leukocytes, which usually increase in quantity when there is infection or inflammation in the body. Because urine can kill some of the cells simply because they are old and degenerate, it is normal to be present in an amount of up to 5 pyocytes per field or 10, 000 cells per ml of urine analyzed

Tumor, neoplasia and cancer are ways to characterize tissue growth that happens incorrectly or exaggerated. This error can arise due to changes in the DNA of the cell, caused by hereditary causes or by exposure to risk factors such as radiation, infections by certain viruses or chemicals, for example

Tarlov's cyst is usually found on an examination such as MRI made to evaluate the spine. It usually does not cause symptoms, is not serious, does not require surgical treatment, is completely benign and does not become cancer. Tarlov's cyst is actually a small fluid-filled dilation located in the sacrum between the vertebrae S1, S2 and S3, more specifically the nerve roots of the spine in the tissues lining the spinal cord

The consumption of untreated water, also called raw water, can cause diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, hepatitis A, intestinal infection caused by E. coli, leptospirosis, salmonella and other diseases such as cholera, rotavirus or noravirus. This is because bacteria develop easily in water, and although this may happen in polluted rivers and lakes, water from crystalline sources can also be contaminated by some specific type of bacteria

Abdominal discomfort can be caused by improper eating, which causes gas to accumulate in the intestine and may even lead to constipation. When abdominal discomfort is caused by a sharp pain that does not pass, and the belly becomes swollen altogether, or located in a small region, they may be accumulated gases

Burning in the feet is a painful sensation that usually occurs due to injury to the nerves of the legs and feet, usually due to situations such as diabetic neuropathy, alcoholism, nutritional deficiencies, infections or injuries that affect the spine or the pathways of the nerves, for example . However, many people may experience a burning sensation or heat in their feet for a variety of other reasons, including changes in blood circulation, excessive use of the feet, especially with inadequate footwear, hormonal changes, skin lesions or injuries to the ligaments and muscles of the region, as i

Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is an examination that assesses the presence of injuries affecting nerves and muscles, as can occur in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome or guillain-barré disease, for example, being important to help the doctor confirm the diagnosis and plan the best treatment.

Food congestion is the malaise in the body that appears when you practice some effort or physical activity after having a meal. This problem is best known when, for example, a person eats lunch and then goes to the swimming pool or to the sea, because the effort of swimming impairs digestion and causes the malaise of congestion, but it can also occur when practicing intense exercises, such as running or working out

Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid bone, which is located prominently behind the ear, and is most common in children under 2 years of age, although it can reach people of all age groups. Mastoiditis usually occurs due to a complication of otitis media, when the microorganisms that cause the infection spread beyond the ear to the bone