Lichen planus in the mouth, also known as oral lichen planus, is a chronic inflammation of the inner lining of the mouth that causes the appearance of very painful white or red lesions, being similar to thrush.
Since this change in the mouth is caused by the person's own immune system, it can not be transmitted, there is no risk of contamination through kissing or sharing of cutlery, for example.
Lichen planus in the mouth has no cure, but symptoms can be relieved and controlled with proper treatment, which is usually done with special toothpaste or corticosteroids.
Main symptoms
The most common symptoms of lichen planus in the mouth include:
- Whitish spots on the mouth;
- Swollen, red and painful stains;
- Open mouth sores, similar to thrush;
- Burning sensation in the mouth;
- Excessive sensitivity to hot, sour or spicy food;
- Inflammation of the gums;
- Difficulty talking, chewing or swallowing.
Oral lichen planus stains are most common on the inside of the cheekbones, tongue, roof of the mouth and gums.
When spots appear in the mouth and there is suspicion of lichen planus it is advisable to consult a dermatologist or a dentist to evaluate the possibility of being another problem, such as oral candidiasis, for example, and start the appropriate treatment.
What causes lichen planus
The true cause of lichen planus in the mouth is not yet known, however, more recent research indicates that it may be a problem caused by one's own immune system, which begins to produce defense cells to attack the cells that are part of the lining from the mouth.
However, in some people, it is possible that lichen planus is also caused by use of some medications, mouthwashes, infections or allergies, for example.
How is the treatment done?
The treatment is done only to relieve symptoms and prevent the appearance of blemishes in the mouth, so in cases where lichen planus does not cause any discomfort, it may not be necessary to make any kind of treatment.
When necessary, treatment may include the use of:
- Toothpaste without sodium lauryl sulfate : is a substance that can cause mouth irritation;
- Chamomile Gel : Helps relieve mouth irritation and can be applied daily on affected areas;
- Steroid medicines, such as Triamcinolone: can be used in the form of a tablet, gel or rinse and quickly relieve symptoms. However, it should only be used during crises to avoid side effects of corticosteroids;
- Immunosuppressive medicines such as Tacrolimus or Pimecrolimus: decrease the action of the immune system, relieving symptoms and avoiding blemishes.
During treatment, it is also very important to maintain proper oral hygiene and regular doctor visits, especially for tests that help identify early signs of cancer, since people with lichen planus wounds in the mouth are more likely to develop oral cancer .
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