Swelling in the testis is usually a sign that there is a problem at the site and so it is very important to see a urologist as soon as a difference in the size of the scrotum is identified in order to make the diagnosis and start the correct treatment.
Most often, the swelling is caused by a less serious problem such as hernia, varicocele or epididymitis, but it can also be a sign of more urgent changes such as twisting of the testicle or cancer, for example.
Inguinal hernia
Inguinal hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine can pass through the muscles of the abdomen and enter the scrotum, causing marked swelling associated with a mild and constant pain that does not go away, and which worsens when you lift your chair or bend your body forward. Although this problem is more common in children and young adults, it can happen at any age.
- What to do : You usually have to have a small surgery in the hospital to put the bowel in the correct place. Therefore, whenever you are suspicious of an inguinal hernia, it is recommended to go to the hospital as soon as possible, since there is a risk of serious complications such as infection and death of intestinal cells.
2. Varicocele
Varicocele is a dilation of the veins of the testicle (very similar to what happens with the varicose veins in the legs) that can cause a swelling in the testicles, more often in the upper part. This type of change is more common in the left testicle and is usually not accompanied by other symptoms, although some men may feel a slight sensation of discomfort or warmth in the scrotum.
- What to do : There is usually no need for treatment, however if there is pain it is important to go to the hospital or consult a urologist to start treatment with painkillers such as Paracetamol or Dipirone. Learn more about varicocele treatment.
3. Epididemite
The epididymitis is an inflammation of the site where the vas deferens attach to the testicle, which may manifest as a small lump on the top of the testicle. This inflammation usually happens due to a bacterial infection transmitted by unprotected anal sex, but it can also arise in other cases. Other symptoms can be severe pain, fever and chills.
- What to do : The epididymitis needs to be treated with the use of antibiotics and it is therefore necessary to consult a urologist if there is suspicion of this infection. Antibiotic treatment usually includes an injection of ceftriaxone followed by 10 days of oral antibiotic at home.
4. Orquite
Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles that can be caused by viruses or bacteria and is usually caused by the mumps virus or by bacteria from a urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted disease such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. In these cases, fever, blood in the semen and pain on urination may still occur.
- What to do : You need to go to the hospital to start the appropriate treatment with antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medicines. Until then, the discomfort can be reduced with the application of cold compresses in the place and rest.
5. Hydrocele
Hydrocele is characterized by the growth of a fluid filled pouch inside the scrotum, next to the testicle. This testicular abnormality is more common in infants, but it can also occur in men over 40 years of age and is not accompanied by other symptoms. Understand more about what hydrocele is.
- What to do : Although hydrocele most often goes away on its own within 6-12 months, without specific treatment, it is recommended to go to the hospital to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other more serious hypotheses.
6. Torsion of the testicle
The torsion of the testicle is an emergency situation that causes swelling and very severe pain in the region of the testicles. In some cases, this twist may not happen completely and therefore the pain may be less intense or arise according to the movements of the body. See how a testicle twist can happen.
- What to do : It is important to go to the hospital quickly to start treatment with surgery and avoid serious complications such as infertility.
7. Testicular cancer
One of the first symptoms of cancer of the testicle is the appearance of a lump or the enlargement of one testicle relative to another and may be confused by swelling. In these cases, pain usually does not appear, but a change in the shape and hardness of the testicles may be noted. See other symptoms may indicate cancer of the testicle.
- What to do : Cancer should be identified as early as possible to increase the chances of cure. Therefore, if there is a suspicion of cancer it is recommended to make an appointment with the urologist to take the necessary tests and identify the problem.
